{"id":6786,"date":"2023-07-19T13:12:07","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T13:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/?p=6786"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:25:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T13:25:36","slug":"structural-behavior-of-cold-formed-steel-sections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/de\/strukturelles-verhalten-kaltgeformter-stahlprofile\/","title":{"rendered":"Strukturelles Verhalten kaltgeformter Stahlprofile"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6786\" class=\"elementor elementor-6786\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a07d108 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a07d108\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5373093\" data-id=\"5373093\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f384a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f384a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span lang=\"EN-US\">Arten von kaltgeformten Stahlprofilen<\/span><\/h2><p>In den sp\u00e4ten 1980er Jahren legten Forscher einige kritische Bedingungen f\u00fcr die Massenproduktion von Wohnungen fest, und kaltgeformte Stahlprofile verf\u00fcgen \u00fcber einige starke Eigenschaften, um diese Bedingungen zu erreichen [2].<\/p><ul><li>Die Bauteile m\u00fcssen vergleichsweise klein, zerlegbar und m\u00f6glichst einfach sein.<\/li><li>Das Leitungs- und Rohrnetz muss weitestgehend unabh\u00e4ngig von den anderen Bauteilen sein.<\/li><\/ul><p>Derzeit kommen in der Branche mehrere Bauweisen zum Einsatz, am weitesten verbreitet ist jedoch die Stabbauweise. Bei dieser Methode erfolgt die Endmontage vor Ort. Eine Beispielwandanordnung, die in vielen Aspekten (strukturell, thermisch, akustisch) von verschiedenen Forschern getestet wurde, ist in Abbildung 1 dargestellt [3]. Vertikale Lasten werden \u00fcber die Bodenbalken und Wandpfosten \u00fcbertragen. D\u00fcnne, relativ lange Stahlprofile sind ebenso einfach und zerlegbar, und mechanische Systemkomponenten laufen unabh\u00e4ngig voneinander in Strukturkomponenten.<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6790 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly.jpg\" alt=\"Sample wall assembly\" width=\"322\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly.jpg 322w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 322px) 100vw, 322px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 1. Beispiel f\u00fcr eine Wandmontage [3]\u00a0<\/p><p>Kaltumgeformte Bauteile und Profilbleche sind Stahlprodukte aus beschichteten oder unbeschichteten warm- oder kaltgewalzten Flachb\u00e4ndern oder Coils. Sie haben einen im zul\u00e4ssigen Toleranzbereich konstanten oder variablen Querschnitt. Kaltgeformte Bauteile k\u00f6nnen in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt werden. Eine davon sind die einzelnen Elemente wie St\u00e4nder, Balken usw. (Abbildung 2). Zweitens: Paneel- und Deckelemente (Abbildung 3) [1].<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6792 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members.jpg\" alt=\"Typical cold-formed sections for individual members\" width=\"255\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members.jpg 255w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 2. Typische kaltgeformte Abschnitte f\u00fcr einzelne Elemente<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6793 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking.jpg\" alt=\"Typical cold-formed sections for decking\" width=\"211\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking.jpg 211w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 3. Typische kaltgeformte Abschnitte f\u00fcr Terrassendielen<\/p><p>In den meisten Anwendungen w\u00e4hlen Designer offene Profile mit H\u00f6hen von 50\u201370 mm bis 350\u2013400 mm und Dicken von 0,7 mm bis 6,0 mm. Bei Terrassendielen k\u00f6nnen die Profildicken auf 0,3 mm reduziert werden. Hybridsysteme (kombiniert aus kaltgeformten Stahlbauteilen mit warmgewalzten Stahlprofilen) sind ebenfalls eine praktische Option, um die Probleme zu \u00fcberwinden, die sich aus strukturellen Systemunregelm\u00e4\u00dfigkeiten ergeben. Wenn jedoch die architektonischen Pl\u00e4ne, Volumina und Abmessungen geeignet sind, ist es m\u00f6glich, die gesamte Struktur ohne Verwendung anderer Strukturelemente zu entwerfen.<\/p><p><br \/>Kaltgeformte Stahlbauteile werden mit Schrauben, Nieten und Bolzen miteinander verbunden. Aufgrund seiner Flexibilit\u00e4t in der Anwendung ist es einfach, Verbindungen von jedem Teil des Abschnitts aus herzustellen. Neben Stahl-Stahl-Verbindungen eignen sich ebene Fl\u00e4chen von Stahlprofilen f\u00fcr die Verbindung mit Verkleidungsmaterialien wie OSB und Gipsplatten, die eine erhebliche Steifigkeit bieten [4].<br \/>Um die Steifigkeit von kaltgeformten Profilen und Blechen zu erh\u00f6hen, werden Rand- und Zwischenversteifungen eingesetzt. Die Versteifung eines Querschnitts bedeutet kleine Biegeteile des flachen Teils des Profils [5].<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6794 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-300x148.jpg\" alt=\"The stiffener of a section\" width=\"300\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section.jpg 364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 4. Die Versteifung eines Abschnitts<\/p><h2>Strukturelles Verhalten<\/h2><p>Kaltgeformte Stahlprofile sind im Allgemeinen d\u00fcnn und Teile der Profile sind im Vergleich zu ihrer Dicke relativ lang. Die Dicke zur Abschnittsl\u00e4nge oder das Verh\u00e4ltnis von Abschnittsbreite zu Abschnittsl\u00e4nge ist in den Codes auf die Verwendung entsprechender, im Code angegebener Formeln beschr\u00e4nkt. Wenn Abschnitte jedoch physisch getestet werden, d\u00fcrfen unterschiedliche Verh\u00e4ltnisse verwendet werden [6].<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6795 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"Typical open-section portions\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 5. Typische Abschnitte mit offenem Querschnitt<\/p><p>Bei kaltgeformten Profilen ist die Querschnittsstabilit\u00e4t von gro\u00dfer Bedeutung. Diese Formen k\u00f6nnen als \u201eschlanke\u201c oder \u201enicht kompakte\u201c Abschnitte betrachtet werden, was bedeutet, dass eine Faser des Abschnitts unter einer bestimmten Belastung m\u00f6glicherweise nicht die Streckgrenze erreicht, bevor sie lokal oder global knickt. Dar\u00fcber hinaus ist es bei d\u00fcnnwandigen Bauteilen m\u00f6glich, zumindest lokale Knickungen zu erkennen, selbst wenn der Abschnitt vollst\u00e4ndig gegen Torsion oder seitliche Verschiebung abgest\u00fctzt ist. Daher wird bei der Bemessung d\u00fcnnwandiger Abschnitte besonders auf Knickf\u00e4lle geachtet. Bei d\u00fcnnwandigen Strukturen sind einige Knickmodi vorherrschend. In erster Linie handelt es sich um lokales, verzerrendes und globales Knicken. In einigen Ausnahmef\u00e4llen sollten Scherknicken und Bahnverkr\u00fcppelung auf die Querschnittsstabilit\u00e4t hin untersucht werden [7].<\/p><p>Bis Ende der 1970er Jahre war es eine Standardberechnungsmethode, die effektive Breitenmethode von Winter zu verwenden [8]. Im Jahr 1978 schlug Hancock [9][7] die Verwendung einer Signaturkurve vor, die die Knickmodi im Zusammenhang mit der Bauteill\u00e4nge veranschaulicht. Mit der Berechnung der kritischen Knickspannungen f\u00fcr jede L\u00e4nge wird ein Diagramm erstellt. Minima des Diagramms definieren einen bestimmten Knickfall. Haupts\u00e4chlich bewegen sich gr\u00f6\u00dfere Teile des Abschnitts aus der Ebene und Ecken des Abschnitts bleiben bestehen (Punkt A in Abb. 6). Wenn die L\u00e4nge zunimmt, nimmt die Belastung tendenziell zu und dann ab. Die Grafik gibt f\u00fcr eine bestimmte L\u00e4nge wieder ein Minimum an, und in der entsprechenden L\u00e4nge tritt Knickung auf. Im Allgemeinen bewegen sich Teile mit Versteifung vollst\u00e4ndig aus der Ebene (Punkt B in Abb. 6). Bei gr\u00f6\u00dferen L\u00e4ngen unterliegt das Bauteil einer globalen Knickung.<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6796 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section.jpg\" alt=\"Typical Plot of a Signature Curve of a Thin-Walled Section\" width=\"616\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section.jpg 616w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">Abbildung 6. Typisches Diagramm einer Signaturkurve eines d\u00fcnnwandigen Abschnitts<\/p><p>In der g\u00e4ngigen Praxis werden die Glieder \u00fcber ihre schlanken Teile miteinander verbunden. Beispielsweise k\u00f6nnen C-f\u00f6rmige Tr\u00e4ger auf einem steifen Element sitzen. In diesem Fall kann es zu einer lokalen Knickung der Bahn kommen, die als \u201eWeb-Verkr\u00fcppelung\u201c bezeichnet wird. Die Verkr\u00fcppelung der Stege kann bei kaltgeformten Stahlkonstruktionen ein kritisches Problem darstellen, da diese Aktion eine weiche und schwache Unterst\u00fctzung f\u00fcr das Bauteil erzeugt [1].<\/p><p><br \/>Bolzen und Tr\u00e4ger werden normalerweise mit L\u00f6chern im Steg und an den Flanschen verwendet. Die Auswirkungen von L\u00f6chern f\u00fcr Bolzen und Schrauben sind gering, L\u00f6cher f\u00fcr den Durchgang von Versorgungsleitungen wie Elektro-, Sanit\u00e4r- oder \u00e4hnlichem wirken sich jedoch auf die Steifigkeit aus [10]. Aufgrund der St\u00f6rung der Spannungsverteilung auf Spannung durch L\u00f6cher k\u00f6nnen \u00d6ffnungen je nach Halbwellenl\u00e4nge und Lochmuster die kritische Knicklast verringern oder erh\u00f6hen [7].<\/p><h3>Verweise<\/h3><p>[1] Dubina, D.; Ungureanu, V.; R. Landolfo (2012). Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures, ECCS.<br \/>[2] Bats, J. O.; Janssen, J. F. G.; Industrial Housing with Cold-Formed Sheet-Steel Elements, in Proceedings of the 9th Int. Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Structures. 1988.<br \/>[3] G. D. Corte; L. Fiorino; and R. Landolfo; Seismic Behavior of Sheathed Cold-Formed Structures: Numerical Study. 2006.<br \/>[4] Baran E, Alica C, Behavior of cold-formed steel wall panels under monotonic horizontal loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 79, 2012, pp 1-8,<br \/>[5] Pek\u00f6z, Teoman; Winter, George; and Desmond, T. P., &#8220;Edge Stiffeners for Cold-formed Steel Members&#8221;<br \/>(1978). International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures. 6.<br \/>[6] EN 1993-1-3 (2006): Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures &#8211; Part 1-3: General rules &#8211; Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting.<br \/>[7] Adany S; Signature curve for general thin-walled members. Proceeding of the annual stability conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 2018.<br \/>[8] Winter, G.: &#8220;Light Gage (Thin-Walled) Steel Structures for Building in the U.S.A.,&#8221; preliminary publication, 4th Congress of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, 1952.<br \/>[9] Hancock, G.J. (1978), Local, Distortional, and lateral buckling of I-beams, ASCE Journal of structural engineering, 104(11), pp. 1787-1798.<br \/>[10] Moen, C.D., Schafer, B.W., 2009. Direct Strength Design of Cold-formed Steel Members with Perforations, Research Report. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Washington, DC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Types of cold-formed steel sections In the late 1980s&#8217;, researchers specified some critical conditions for the mass production of housing, and cold-formed steel sections have some vigorous properties to achieve these conditions [2]. The construction components must be comparatively small, demountable, and as simple as possible. The network of lines and pipes must be very&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/de\/strukturelles-verhalten-kaltgeformter-stahlprofile\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Weiterlesen &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">Strukturelles Verhalten kaltgeformter Stahlprofile<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,84,21,22,23,88],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Arkitech - Structural Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Sections<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Check out Structural Behavior of Cold-Formed Steel Sections with Arkitech Advanced Construction Technologies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/de\/strukturelles-verhalten-kaltgeformter-stahlprofile\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"de_DE\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arkitech - 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