{"id":6768,"date":"2023-06-15T10:14:34","date_gmt":"2023-06-15T10:14:34","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/?p=6768"},"modified":"2023-06-15T10:28:32","modified_gmt":"2023-06-15T10:28:32","slug":"a-brief-history-of-roll-forming-technic-and-cold-formed-steel-structures","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/tr\/roll-form-teknigi-ve-soguk-sekillendirilmis-celik-yapilarin-kisa-tarihcesi\/","title":{"rendered":"Roll-Form Tekni\u011fi ve So\u011fuk \u015eekillendirilmi\u015f \u00c7elik Yap\u0131lar\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Tarih\u00e7e<\/h2>

Metalleri kullanmadan \u00f6nce, atalar\u0131m\u0131z 1,7 milyon y\u0131ldan fazla, birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz bin y\u0131l boyunca temel yap\u0131 malzemeleri olarak ah\u015fap ve ta\u015f\u0131 kulland\u0131lar. Alt\u0131n, bak\u0131r, kalay, kur\u015fun, g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, demir ve c\u0131va, on \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar bilinen ve kullan\u0131lan yegane yedi metaldi ve on yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131la kadar yaln\u0131zca be\u015f metal daha ke\u015ffedildi. Bug\u00fcn bilinen t\u00fcm elementlerin yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7te ikisinin metal oldu\u011funu biliyoruz [1].<\/p>

\u0130lk demir \u00fcr\u00fcnleri yakla\u015f\u0131k 6000 y\u0131l \u00f6ncesine tarihlenir ve demirin yumu\u015fakl\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan dolay\u0131 alet ve silah yerine s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131 olarak t\u00fcketilirdi. 1200 y\u0131llar\u0131nda demirin daha dayan\u0131kl\u0131 bir malzeme (\u00e7elik) elde edilmesi i\u00e7in karbonize edilmesi, \u00f6nemli bir de\u011fi\u015fimi beraberinde getirdi ve demir \u00e7a\u011f\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 m\u00fcjdeledi. En eski \u00e7elik \u00fcr\u00fcnler T\u00fcrkiye'deki bir arkeolojik sit alan\u0131nda (Kaman, Kaleh\u00f6y\u00fck) bulunur [2][3]. \u00c7elik \u00fcretimi bilgisi Roma \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile ticaret veya sava\u015f yoluyla geni\u015f bir alana yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r [4]. Ge\u00e7i\u015f yava\u015ft\u0131, ancak d\u00f6kme ve d\u00f6vme demir \u00fcr\u00fcnler sonunda \u00e7o\u011fu alanda bronzun yerini ald\u0131. F\u0131r\u0131nlar daha belirgin hale geldi ve \u00e7elik daha iyi hale geldi. \u0130lk demirciler m\u00fckemmel kalitede baltalar, keskiler, \u00e7apalar, k\u0131l\u0131\u00e7lar ve di\u011fer aletler \u00fcrettiler. 1350'de Orta Avrupa'n\u0131n demir \u00fcreticileri, ilkel y\u00fcksek f\u0131r\u0131nlarda demir eritmeyi ve d\u00f6kmeyi ba\u015fard\u0131lar.<\/p>


Y\u00fczlerce e\u015fle\u015fen d\u00f6v\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f plaka ve tel par\u00e7as\u0131ndan bir araya getirilen v\u00fccut z\u0131rh\u0131 gibi karma\u015f\u0131k par\u00e7alar yapmak, \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde beceri ve deneyim gerektiriyordu. Bu s\u00fcre\u00e7, gerekli olan uzun saatler s\u00fcren \u00e7eki\u00e7leme nedeniyle olduk\u00e7a emek yo\u011fundu. On yedinci y\u00fczy\u0131ldan sanayi devriminin \u015fafa\u011f\u0131na kadar, s\u00fcs e\u015fyas\u0131ndan kullan\u0131\u015fl\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnlere kadar d\u00f6k\u00fcm olmayan her par\u00e7a, emek yo\u011fun d\u00f6vme yoluyla elle yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Pek \u00e7ok insan kendi metal \u00fcr\u00fcnlerini sat\u0131n alamaz [1].<\/p>


On sekizinci ve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131llardaki sanayi devrimi s\u0131ras\u0131nda, metal imalat\u0131nda kullan\u0131lan bir\u00e7ok el aletinin yerini yava\u015f yava\u015f g\u00fc\u00e7le \u00e7al\u0131\u015fan makineler ald\u0131. Bu d\u00f6nemin en \u00f6nemli ve en az m\u00fcjdelenen ba\u015far\u0131lar\u0131ndan biri, eski \u00e7eki\u00e7leme (d\u00f6vme) sanat\u0131n\u0131n metallerin \u015feklini veya kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 de\u011fi\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in d\u00f6nen \u00e7ift merdanelerle de\u011fi\u015ftirilmesiydi. Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haddeleme yeni bir teknoloji de\u011fildir. On d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc y\u00fczy\u0131lda alt\u0131n ve g\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f i\u00e7in ilkel so\u011fuk haddeleme kullan\u0131ld\u0131. Leonardo da Vinci, ilk ger\u00e7ek haddehaneyi 1480'de tasarlad\u0131 [7].<\/p>

Oda s\u0131cakl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haddeleme (so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirme) \u00e7elik, on sekizinci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ba\u015flad\u0131 ve on dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131lda daha yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaya ba\u015fland\u0131. On dokuzuncu y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131nda ve yirminci y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n sonlar\u0131na do\u011fru, \u00e7ok \u00e7e\u015fitli s\u0131cak ve so\u011fuk haddelenmi\u015f al\u00fcminyum, bak\u0131r, pirin\u00e7, kur\u015fun, kalay, titanyum, zirkonyum ve \u00f6zel ala\u015f\u0131m levhalar ticari olarak temin edilebilir hale geldi. Bu haddelenmi\u015f yass\u0131 \u00fcr\u00fcnler olmadan, mevcut ya\u015fam\u0131m\u0131z ve ya\u015fam standartlar\u0131m\u0131z d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fclemezdi.<\/p>

Rulo \u015eekillendirme<\/h2>

Rulo \u015fekillendirmenin genel bir tan\u0131m\u0131 basit\u00e7e \u015f\u00f6yle yaz\u0131labilir: \"Bir rulo \u015fekillendirme i\u015fleminde, tandem olarak d\u00fczenlenmi\u015f profil rulo \u00e7iftleri, hareketli bir metal levhay\u0131 \u00e7apraz olarak b\u00fcker ve onu belirlenmi\u015f bir enine kesit profiline sahip bir \u00fcr\u00fcn haline getirir\" [5].<\/p>

\"Typical<\/p>

Rulo \u015fekillendirmede, genellikle her \u015fekillendirme pasosu i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 olan, belirli say\u0131da kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131kl\u0131 dizilmi\u015f rulolu mil \u00e7iftleri, b\u00fckmeyi ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirir ve deforme olmu\u015f sac\u0131n \u015feklini belirler [1].<\/p>

So\u011fuk \u015eekillendirilmi\u015f \u00c7elik Yap\u0131lar (CFSS)<\/h2>

19. y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda, uzak b\u00f6lgelerdeki i\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in ge\u00e7ici ve h\u0131zl\u0131 in\u015faatlar tercih edilmektedir. Bu ama\u00e7la insanlar ah\u015fap \u00e7er\u00e7eveleri ve b\u00fck\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f ince metal levhalar\u0131 ihtiya\u00e7lar\u0131 i\u00e7in faydal\u0131 bulmu\u015flard\u0131r. \u00d6rt\u00fc saclar\u0131, \u00f6ncelikle y\u00fczeyinde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck deformasyonlar verilerek sa\u011flamla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015f demirden \u00fcretilir ve bar\u0131nma veya \u00e7al\u0131\u015fma alanlar\u0131nda baraka yap\u0131m\u0131nda kullan\u0131l\u0131r. 1849'da alt\u0131na h\u00fccum s\u0131ras\u0131nda Kuzey Amerika'daki i\u015f\u00e7ilerle ilgili en eski belgeler. \u0130\u015f\u00e7iler i\u00e7in portatif demir evler \u00fcretildi [8].<\/p>

CFSS, 1933'te Chicago Century of Progress'te (D\u00fcnya Fuar\u0131) sergilendi. Bu t\u00fcr yap\u0131lar \u201cGelece\u011fin Evi\u201d olarak g\u00f6steriliyor. Ancak en \u00f6nemli ba\u015far\u0131, Amerikan Demir ve \u00c7elik Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc'n\u00fcn (AISI) bir ara\u015ft\u0131rma projesi ba\u015flatmas\u0131yd\u0131. AISI, Cornell \u00dcniversitesi'ndeki ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lara sponsor oldu ve bu, AISI spesifikasyonunun ilk bask\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n 1946'da yay\u0131nlanmas\u0131yla sonu\u00e7land\u0131. [9]<\/p>

CFSS'nin yolculu\u011fu ilkel bar\u0131naklarla ba\u015flad\u0131, ancak bug\u00fcn \u00e7ok katl\u0131 binalar so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik \u00e7er\u00e7evelerle in\u015fa edilebiliyor. En uygun yap\u0131 t\u00fcrleri okul, yurt, otel, konut, mod\u00fcler yap\u0131lar olarak s\u0131ralanabilir.<\/p>

So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik (CFS) yap\u0131, esas olarak daha y\u00fcksek mukavemet\/a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131k oran\u0131 ve daha h\u0131zl\u0131 in\u015fas\u0131 nedeniyle beton veya geleneksel \u00e7elik yap\u0131lara pratik bir alternatiftir. Daha hafif olmalar\u0131 nedeniyle, CFS konut ve ticari binalar, beton ve konvansiyonel \u00e7elik muadillerine k\u0131yasla sismik risk i\u00e7eren b\u00f6lgelerde daha verimli alternatifler haline gelmektedir. Bir taraf\u0131 veya her iki taraf\u0131 \u00e7elik veya baz\u0131 ah\u015fap levhalarla kaplanm\u0131\u015f CFS \u00e7er\u00e7evelemeden yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f duvar panelleri, \u00f6zellikle d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck ve orta sismik riskli b\u00f6lgelerde in\u015fa edilen so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda yanal y\u00fcklere dayan\u0131kl\u0131 elemanlar olarak yayg\u0131n bir \u015fekilde kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bu duvar panellerindeki \u00e7er\u00e7eveleme, vida veya per\u00e7inlerle dikey dikmelere sabitlenmi\u015f \u00fcst ve alt raylar\u0131 i\u00e7erir. Raylar ve dikmeler genellikle C-\u015fekilli CFS kesitlerinden yap\u0131l\u0131r [10].<\/p>

Referanslar<\/h3>

[1] Halmos, G. T. (2006). Roll Forming Handbook, CRC Press, Boca Raton.
[2] Akanuma, H. (2005). “The significance of the composition of excavated iron fragments taken from Stratum III at the site of Kaman-Kaleh\u00f6y\u00fck, Turkey”. Anatolian Archaeological Studies. Tokyo: Japanese Institute of Anatolian Archaeology. 14: 147\u2013158.
[3] “Ironware piece unearthed from Turkey found to be oldest steel”. The Hindu. Chennai, India. 2009-03-26. Archived from the original on 2009-03-29. Retrieved 2022-08-13.
[4] “Noricus ensis”, Horace, Odes, i. 16.9
[5] Kiuchi M., Abe K., Onodera R.; Computerized Numerical Simulation of roll-forming process, Annals of CIRP Vol. 44\/1\/1995, pp. 239-242.
[6] Dykes, R.J.; Mander, S.J.; D. Bhattacharyya: Roll forming continuous fiber-reinforced thermoplastic sheets: experimental analysis, Composites Part A, 31 (2000), pp. 1395-1407.
[7] Roberts, W. Cold Rolling of Steel. Marcel Dekker, New York, 1978.
[8] Don Allen, P.E., History of Cold Formed Steel, 2006, pp 1-5.
[9] Baran E, Alica C, Behavior of cold-formed steel wall panels under monotonic horizontal loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 79, 2012, pp 1-8,
[10] “World’s Fairs 1933\u20131939”. Historic Events for Students: The<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

History Before using metals, our ancestors used wood and stone as basic structural materials for over 1,7 million years, give or take a few hundred thousand years. Gold, copper, tin, lead, silver, iron, and mercury were the only seven known and used metals until the thirteenth century, and only five more metals were discovered up… Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 oku »Roll-Form Tekni\u011fi ve So\u011fuk \u015eekillendirilmi\u015f \u00c7elik Yap\u0131lar\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarih\u00e7esi<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6769,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,84,83,21,22,23],"yoast_head":"\nArkitech - A Brief History of Roll-Forming Technic and Cold-Formed Steel Structures<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Check out a Brief History of Roll-Forming Technic and Cold-Formed Steel Structures with Arkitech Advanced Construction Technologies.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/tr\/roll-form-teknigi-ve-soguk-sekillendirilmis-celik-yapilarin-kisa-tarihcesi\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"tr_TR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Arkitech - 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