{"id":6786,"date":"2023-07-19T13:12:07","date_gmt":"2023-07-19T13:12:07","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/?p=6786"},"modified":"2023-07-19T13:25:36","modified_gmt":"2023-07-19T13:25:36","slug":"structural-behavior-of-cold-formed-steel-sections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/tr\/soguk-sekillendirilmis-celik-profillerin-yapisal-davranisi\/","title":{"rendered":"So\u011fuk \u015eekillendirilmi\u015f \u00c7elik Profillerin Yap\u0131sal Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"6786\" class=\"elementor elementor-6786\" data-elementor-settings=\"[]\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-section-wrap\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-a07d108 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"a07d108\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-5373093\" data-id=\"5373093\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-2f384a1 elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"2f384a1\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2><span lang=\"EN-US\">So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik profil t\u00fcrleri<\/span><\/h2><p>1980'lerin sonunda ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar, konutlar\u0131n seri \u00fcretimi i\u00e7in baz\u0131 kritik ko\u015fullar belirlediler ve so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik profiller, bu ko\u015fullar\u0131 elde etmek i\u00e7in baz\u0131 g\u00fc\u00e7l\u00fc \u00f6zelliklere sahipti [2].<\/p><ul><li>Yap\u0131 bile\u015fenleri nispeten k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck, demonte ve m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu\u011funca basit olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><li>Hat ve boru a\u011f\u0131, di\u011fer yap\u0131 bile\u015fenlerinden \u00e7ok ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olmal\u0131d\u0131r.<\/li><\/ul><p>\u0130\u015fletmede \u015fu anda birka\u00e7 in\u015faat y\u00f6ntemi kullan\u0131l\u0131yor, ancak en yayg\u0131n y\u00f6ntem stick-build y\u00f6ntemidir. Bu y\u00f6ntemde son montaj \u015fantiyede yap\u0131l\u0131r. Farkl\u0131 ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan bir\u00e7ok y\u00f6nden (yap\u0131sal, termal, akustik) test edilen \u00f6rnek bir duvar montaj\u0131 \u015eekil 1'de g\u00f6sterilmektedir [3]. D\u00fc\u015fey y\u00fckler d\u00f6\u015feme kiri\u015fleri ve duvar saplamalar\u0131 ile ta\u015f\u0131n\u0131r. \u0130nce, nispeten uzun \u00e7elik profiller bir o kadar basit ve demonte olup, mekanik sistem bile\u015fenleri yap\u0131sal bile\u015fenlerin i\u00e7inde ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131z olarak \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmaktad\u0131r.<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6790 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly.jpg\" alt=\"Sample wall assembly\" width=\"322\" height=\"192\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly.jpg 322w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Sample-wall-assembly-18x12.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 322px) 100vw, 322px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 1. \u00d6rnek duvar montaj\u0131 [3]\u00a0<\/p><p>So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f elemanlar ve profilli saclar, kaplanm\u0131\u015f veya kaplanmam\u0131\u015f s\u0131cak haddelenmi\u015f veya so\u011fuk haddelenmi\u015f d\u00fcz \u015feritler veya rulolardan elde edilen \u00e7elik \u00fcr\u00fcnlerdir. Kabul edilebilir tolerans aral\u0131\u011f\u0131nda sabit veya de\u011fi\u015fken bir enine kesite sahiptirler. So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f yap\u0131 elemanlar\u0131 iki gruba ayr\u0131labilir. Biri dikmeler, kiri\u015fler vb. gibi bireysel elemanlard\u0131r (\u015eekil 2). \u0130kincisi, Panel ve tabliye elemanlar\u0131 (\u015eekil 3) [1].<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6792 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members.jpg\" alt=\"Typical cold-formed sections for individual members\" width=\"255\" height=\"132\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members.jpg 255w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-individual-members-18x9.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 255px) 100vw, 255px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 2. Bireysel elemanlar i\u00e7in tipik so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f kesitler<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6793 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking.jpg\" alt=\"Typical cold-formed sections for decking\" width=\"211\" height=\"78\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking.jpg 211w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-cold-formed-sections-for-decking-18x7.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 211px) 100vw, 211px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 3. D\u00f6\u015feme i\u00e7in tipik so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f kesitler<\/p><p>\u00c7o\u011fu uygulamada, tasar\u0131mc\u0131lar a\u00e7\u0131k kesiti, 50-70 mm'den 350-400 mm'ye kadar olan y\u00fckseklikleri ve 0,7 mm'den 6,0 mm'ye kadar olan kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 se\u00e7erler. Deck i\u00e7in kesit kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131 0,3 mm'ye kadar d\u00fc\u015febilir. Hibrit sistemler (so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik elemanlar ve s\u0131cak haddelenmi\u015f \u00e7elik profillerle birle\u015ftirilmi\u015f), yap\u0131sal sistem d\u00fczensizliklerinden kaynaklanan sorunlar\u0131n \u00fcstesinden gelmek i\u00e7in pratik bir se\u00e7enektir. Ancak mimari planlar, hacimler ve \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcler uygunsa ba\u015fka bir yap\u0131 eleman\u0131 kullan\u0131lmadan t\u00fcm yap\u0131y\u0131 tasarlamak m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr.<\/p><p><br \/>So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik elemanlar birbirine vida, per\u00e7in ve c\u0131vatalarla ba\u011flan\u0131r. Kullan\u0131mdaki esnekli\u011fi sayesinde, b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn her yerinden ba\u011flant\u0131 kurmak kolayd\u0131r. \u00c7elik-\u00e7elik ba\u011flant\u0131lar\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, \u00e7elik profillerin d\u00fcz y\u00fczeyleri OSB ve al\u00e7\u0131pan gibi \u00f6nemli rijitlik sa\u011flayan kaplama malzemelerine ba\u011flanmaya uygundur [4].<br \/>So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f profillerin ve saclar\u0131n rijitli\u011fini artt\u0131rmak i\u00e7in kenar ve ara berkitmeler kullan\u0131lmaktad\u0131r. Bir kesitin takviye edicisi, kesitin [5] d\u00fcz k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fck\u00fclme k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir.<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6794 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-300x148.jpg\" alt=\"The stiffener of a section\" width=\"300\" height=\"148\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-300x148.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section-18x9.jpg 18w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/The-stiffener-of-a-section.jpg 364w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 4. Bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn berkiticisi<\/p><h2>Yap\u0131sal davran\u0131\u015f<\/h2><p>So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik profiller genellikle incedir ve b\u00f6l\u00fcmlerin b\u00f6l\u00fcmleri kal\u0131nl\u0131klar\u0131na g\u00f6re nispeten uzundur. Kal\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131n porsiyon uzunlu\u011funa veya porsiyonun geni\u015fli\u011fine g\u00f6re uzunluk oranlar\u0131, kodda verilen ilgili form\u00fclleri kullanmak i\u00e7in kodlarda s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Ancak kesitler fiziksel olarak test edilirse farkl\u0131 oranlar\u0131n kullan\u0131lmas\u0131na izin verilir [6].<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6795 size-medium\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-300x243.jpg\" alt=\"Typical open-section portions\" width=\"300\" height=\"243\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-300x243.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions-15x12.jpg 15w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-open-section-portions.jpg 351w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 5. Tipik a\u00e7\u0131k kesitli k\u0131s\u0131mlar<\/p><p>Kesit stabilitesi, so\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f kesitler i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli bir husustur. Bu \u015fekiller, \"ince\" veya \"kompakt olmayan\" kesitler olarak kabul edilebilir; bu, kesitteki herhangi bir elyaf\u0131n, yerel veya genel olarak burkulmadan \u00f6nce belirli bir y\u00fckleme alt\u0131nda akma mukavemetine ula\u015famayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na gelir. Ayr\u0131ca, ince cidarl\u0131 elemanlar i\u00e7in, kesit burulmaya veya yanal yer de\u011fi\u015ftirmeye kar\u015f\u0131 tamamen desteklenmi\u015f olsa bile en az\u0131ndan yerel burkulmay\u0131 g\u00f6rmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcnd\u00fcr. Bu nedenle ince cidarl\u0131 kesitlerin tasar\u0131m\u0131nda burkulma durumlar\u0131na \u00f6zel bir \u00f6nem verilmektedir. \u0130nce cidarl\u0131 yap\u0131lar i\u00e7in yayg\u0131n olan birka\u00e7 burkulma modu vard\u0131r. \u00d6ncelikle, durumlar yerel, distorsiyonel ve global burkulmad\u0131r. Baz\u0131 istisnai durumlarda, kesit stabilitesi i\u00e7in kayma burkulmas\u0131 ve g\u00f6vde burkulmas\u0131 de\u011ferlendirilmelidir [7].<\/p><p>1970'lerin sonuna kadar Winter'\u0131n etkin geni\u015flik y\u00f6ntemini kullanmak standart bir hesaplama y\u00f6ntemiydi [8]. 1978'de Hancock [9][7], \u00fcye uzunlu\u011fuyla ilgili burkulma modlar\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren bir imza e\u011frisi kullanmay\u0131 \u00f6nerdi. Her uzunluk i\u00e7in kritik burkulma gerilmelerinin hesaplanmas\u0131yla bir grafik olu\u015fturulur. Grafi\u011fin minimumlar\u0131, belirli bir burkulma durumunu tan\u0131mlar. \u00d6ncelikle, kesitin daha b\u00fcy\u00fck par\u00e7alar\u0131 d\u00fczlemin d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar ve kesitin k\u00f6\u015feleri kal\u0131r (\u015eekil 6'daki A Noktas\u0131). Uzunluk artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, stres artma ve sonra azalma e\u011filimindedir. Grafik yine belirli bir uzunluk i\u00e7in bir minimum verir ve kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k gelen uzunlukta distorsiyonel burkulma olu\u015fur. Genel olarak takviyeli par\u00e7alar d\u00fczlemin tamamen d\u0131\u015f\u0131na \u00e7\u0131kar (\u015eekil 6'daki B Noktas\u0131). Daha b\u00fcy\u00fck uzunluklar i\u00e7in eleman genel burkulmaya maruz kal\u0131r.<\/p><p><img class=\"aligncenter wp-image-6796 size-full\" src=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section.jpg\" alt=\"Typical Plot of a Signature Curve of a Thin-Walled Section\" width=\"616\" height=\"284\" srcset=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section.jpg 616w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section-300x138.jpg 300w, https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/media\/uploads\/2023\/07\/Typical-Plot-of-a-Signature-Curve-of-a-Thin-Walled-Section-18x8.jpg 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 616px) 100vw, 616px\" \/><\/p><p style=\"text-align: center;\">\u015eekil 6. \u0130nce Duvarl\u0131 Bir Kesitin \u0130mza E\u011frisinin Tipik Grafi\u011fi<\/p><p>Yayg\u0131n uygulamada, elemanlar birbirlerine ince k\u0131s\u0131mlar\u0131ndan ba\u011flan\u0131r. \u00d6rnek olarak, C-\u015fekilli kiri\u015fler sert bir eleman \u00fczerine oturtulabilir. Bu durumda a\u011f, \u201cWeb sakatlanmas\u0131\u201d olarak adland\u0131r\u0131lan yerel olarak b\u00fck\u00fclmeye maruz kalabilir. So\u011fuk \u015fekillendirilmi\u015f \u00e7elik yap\u0131larda a\u011f k\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 kritik bir problem olabilir \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu hareket eleman i\u00e7in yumu\u015fak ve zay\u0131f bir destek olu\u015fturur [1].<\/p><p><br \/>Saplamalar ve kiri\u015fler genellikle g\u00f6vdelerinde ve flan\u015flar\u0131nda deliklerle birlikte kullan\u0131l\u0131r. C\u0131vatalar ve vidalar i\u00e7in deliklerin etkileri k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fckt\u00fcr, ancak elektrik, s\u0131hhi tesisat veya benzeri tesislerin ge\u00e7i\u015fi i\u00e7in delikler sertli\u011fi etkiler [10]. Deliklerden dolay\u0131 gerilme \u00fczerindeki gerilme da\u011f\u0131l\u0131m\u0131ndaki bozulma nedeniyle a\u00e7\u0131kl\u0131klar, yar\u0131 dalga boyu ve delik d\u00fczenine ba\u011fl\u0131 olarak kritik burkulma y\u00fck\u00fcn\u00fc azaltabilir veya art\u0131rabilir [7].<\/p><h3>Referanslar<\/h3><p>[1] Dubina, D.; Ungureanu, V.; R. Landolfo (2012). Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structures, ECCS.<br \/>[2] Bats, J. O.; Janssen, J. F. G.; Industrial Housing with Cold-Formed Sheet-Steel Elements, in Proceedings of the 9th Int. Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Structures. 1988.<br \/>[3] G. D. Corte; L. Fiorino; and R. Landolfo; Seismic Behavior of Sheathed Cold-Formed Structures: Numerical Study. 2006.<br \/>[4] Baran E, Alica C, Behavior of cold-formed steel wall panels under monotonic horizontal loading, Journal of Constructional Steel Research, Vol. 79, 2012, pp 1-8,<br \/>[5] Pek\u00f6z, Teoman; Winter, George; and Desmond, T. P., &#8220;Edge Stiffeners for Cold-formed Steel Members&#8221;<br \/>(1978). International Specialty Conference on Cold-Formed Steel Structures. 6.<br \/>[6] EN 1993-1-3 (2006): Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures &#8211; Part 1-3: General rules &#8211; Supplementary rules for cold-formed members and sheeting.<br \/>[7] Adany S; Signature curve for general thin-walled members. Proceeding of the annual stability conference, Baltimore, Maryland, 2018.<br \/>[8] Winter, G.: &#8220;Light Gage (Thin-Walled) Steel Structures for Building in the U.S.A.,&#8221; preliminary publication, 4th Congress of the International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering, 1952.<br \/>[9] Hancock, G.J. (1978), Local, Distortional, and lateral buckling of I-beams, ASCE Journal of structural engineering, 104(11), pp. 1787-1798.<br \/>[10] Moen, C.D., Schafer, B.W., 2009. Direct Strength Design of Cold-formed Steel Members with Perforations, Research Report. American Iron and Steel Institute (AISI), Washington, DC.<\/p>\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Types of cold-formed steel sections In the late 1980s&#8217;, researchers specified some critical conditions for the mass production of housing, and cold-formed steel sections have some vigorous properties to achieve these conditions [2]. The construction components must be comparatively small, demountable, and as simple as possible. The network of lines and pipes must be very&hellip;&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/arkitechglobal.com\/tr\/soguk-sekillendirilmis-celik-profillerin-yapisal-davranisi\/\" class=\"\" rel=\"bookmark\">Daha fazlas\u0131n\u0131 oku &raquo;<span class=\"screen-reader-text\">So\u011fuk \u015eekillendirilmi\u015f \u00c7elik Profillerin Yap\u0131sal Davran\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/span><\/a><\/p>","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":6787,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"neve_meta_sidebar":"","neve_meta_container":"","neve_meta_enable_content_width":"","neve_meta_content_width":0,"neve_meta_title_alignment":"","neve_meta_author_avatar":"","neve_post_elements_order":"","neve_meta_disable_header":"","neve_meta_disable_footer":"","neve_meta_disable_title":"","neve_meta_reading_time":""},"categories":[16],"tags":[19,84,21,22,23,88],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v17.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Arkitech - 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